1. Critical flow, specific energy equation, specific momentum equation (force). Applications of critical flow, study of flow in the contraction region, upgrade to open channel flows.
2. Calculation of uniform flow in open channels, Manning's Equation. Composite sections and composite roughness. Hydraulic design of lined and unlined pipes for uniform flow. Hydraulically optimal cross-section.
3. Hydraulic jump. Characteristics and control of the jump. Energy dissipation. Basins of calm. Depths/ascents of free fall.
4. Rapidly changing flow. Thin and wide-crested spillways. Overflow spillways. Sluice gates.
5. Design of joints in subcritical/supercritical flow. Sewers. Confluences and branchings of pipes/rivers.
6. Non-Permanent Flow: Gradually changing flow. St. Venant equations. Venant.
7. Transport of alluvial materials: Initiation of movement, riverbed formations, bed load, and suspended load.
8. Works for the protection against river/stream bed erosion and the undermining of bridge piers. Works for the control and retention of alluvial materials and works for the regulation of rivers and streams.
9. Methods for measuring hydraulic parameters in open channels and water flows.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the student will have come into contact with:

• The study of flow in open channels and rivers.
• The study of hydraulic jumps and energy dissipation devices/structures.
• Issues related to the design of dam spillways and the use of spillway gates.
• Design issues of junctions in open channels, sewers, confluences, and pipe/river branches.
• The concepts of solid transport in river and stream beds.
• Issues of protection against river/stream bed erosion and undermining of bridge piers. Control works, sediment retention, and river and stream channelisation projects.
• Methods for measuring hydraulic parameters in open channels and water flows.

With the successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

• Study the flow in artificial and natural open channels.
• Study the hydraulic jump and size energy dissipation devices/structures.
• Size structures such as spillways, junctions in open channels, culverts, as well as confluences and branches of open channels and rivers.
• Estimate the solid transport in river and stream beds.
• Study issues related to the protection against river/stream bed erosion and the undermining of bridge piers.
• Apply methods for measuring hydraulic parameters in open channels and water flows.