1. Flow in pressurized pipes: Fundamental equations of hydraulics.
2. Calculation of energy losses in pressurized pipes: friction (major) losses, local (minor) losses, equivalent pipe length.
3. Energy grade line and hydraulic grade line.
4. Pipes in series, pipes in parallel, branched pipe systems supplying reservoirs.
5. Design of pressurized pipe systems, hydraulic machines (pumps and turbines).
6. Open-channel flow: definitions, pressure distribution, specific energy, types of flow.
7. Flow control. Computation of the water free-surface profile along open channels and flow control sections (constrictions and drops).
8. Specific force (momentum function). Momentum theorem. Hydraulic jump (energy losses in the jump, types of jumps, jump length).
9. Resistance equations for steady flow.
10. Uniform flow in open channels, normal flow depth, calculation of hydraulic and geometric characteristics of open channels. Fundamental equations of open-channel hydraulics.
11. Cross-section optimization (hydraulically optimal cross-section).
12. Gradually varied flow, classification of free-surface profiles, computation of water surface profiles.
13. Outflow. Weirs. Types of weirs (sharp-crested and broad-crested). Analysis of different weir types (rectangular, triangular, etc.). Sluice gates.
14. Flow from a reservoir into an open channel. Effect of a downstream reservoir on the operation of a connecting channel with an upstream reservoir.
15. Laboratory exercises.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the course, the student will have been introduced to:

• The study of flow in pressurized pipe systems.
• The calculation of energy losses in pressurized pipes.
• Concepts and types of flow related to the analysis of open-channel flow problems.
• The concepts of uniform flow and gradually varied flow.
• The concepts of specific energy, specific force, and hydraulic jump.
• The determination of free-surface profiles in open channels.
• The types and applications of weirs (sharp-crested and broad-crested).
• The execution of laboratory exercises.

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

• Plot the energy grade line and the hydraulic grade line.
• Analyze pipe systems in series, in parallel, and branched networks supplying reservoirs.
• Design pressurized pipe systems.
• Design and analyze hydraulic machines (pumps and turbines).
• Analyze open-channel flow under uniform and gradually varied flow conditions.
• Analyze flow in regions of local contractions or local drops.
• Compute free-surface profiles in open channels.
• Design open channels and optimize their cross-sections.
• Measure discharge using weirs.